UV light can be used to achieve an effective pasteurization of juice to meet the 5 log pathogen reduction requirement of the FDA. The UV light is absorbed by pathogen DNA to the extent it leads to cell death. At least one manufacturer has demonstrated effectiveness for killing both Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. At least one research paper also described a reduction in patulin (a fungal toxin) using the UV process.